全乳添加小麦粉对荷斯坦公犊牛的屠宰性能及肉质的影响

对初生体重相近的20头荷斯坦公犊全乳饲喂至35日龄后,随机分为继续饲喂全乳的对照组和全乳中添加2%、4%和6%小麦粉的试验组,至90日龄进行测定,研究了对荷斯坦公犊的屠宰性能和肉质的影响.结果表明:在全乳中添加小麦粉可显著提高荷斯坦公犊的宰前活重、胴体重、净肉重、胴体产肉率和眼肌面积(P＜0.05),提高了肌肉的嫩度和脂肪含量(P＜0.05),且屠宰性能与肉质的改善效果随着小麦粉添加比例的增加而提高.因此,全乳中添加6%以内的小麦粉,既提高了屠宰性能,又能改善肉质.     

犊牛腹泻的病因分析与治疗对策

犊牛腹泻是犊牛常见的疾病,导致犊牛大量死亡和发育受阻,给养牛业带来了巨大的经济损失。笔者分析了犊牛腹泻的发病原因,提出了治疗对策,并对其临床症状,诊断和预防进行了论述,以期提高养殖效益。     

Polymorphisms in growth hormone gene and their associations with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle

The objectives of this study were to detect effective genetic polymorphisms of bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene associated with calf weight in Japanese Black cattle. Fifty‐eight sires and 47 breeding cows were used to detect the polymorphisms in exons by single‐strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Four homozygous and six heterozygous SSCP genotypes were identified in exon 5. Although each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been reported, these genotypes were caused by three SNPs at the nucleotide positions 2141, 2277 and 2291. Four haplotypes C‐C‐A, G‐C‐A, C‐C‐C and G‐T‐A were newly identified. It was suggested that other haplotypes not detected in this study may not exist, considering the allele frequencies reported in Bos taurus and Bos indicus, and the migrating process of native Japanese cattle. Thereafter, we examined associations between the detected polymorphic sites in exon 5 by PCR – restriction fragment length polymorphism and calf weight using 53 breeding dams and 135 calves. The birth weights of calves with haplotype G‐C‐A are significantly lighter and calves' weights produced by cows with such haplotype are also lighter at 30 days old, using regression analysis. Although further research is necessary, these results may serve as a useful criterion to select breeding stocks, especially in maternal abilities.     

犊牛源乳酸菌的筛选及抑菌性能研究

从15日龄健康犊牛的肠道黏膜和食糜分离得到31株革兰氏阳性、无芽孢乳酸菌。通过耐消化道环境筛选得到4株乳酸菌M5、M7、SB1和Z4,在pH=2条件下处理2h后的存活率分别为39.24%、28.08%、44.20%、23.28%,有较强的耐牛胆盐能力,经人工胃液处理后各菌的存活率均可达到30%以上,且活菌数超过108CFU/mL。能抵御体外模拟的胃肠道逆环境的影响,且对大肠杆菌的抑制作用明显,抑菌圈直径为16～21mm。     

秦川牛GH基因第5外显子的多态性及其与体尺性状的关联性

【目的】研究秦川牛生长激素基因第2外显子的多态性,及其与部分体尺性状指标的相关性。【方法】以502头2周岁左右秦川牛为研究对象,利用PCR-RFLP技术检测生长激素基因上存在的单核苷酸多态性(SNPs),并分析其与秦川牛体尺性状的关联性。【结果】在GH基因第5外显子中发现了2处SNPs,分别为错义突变和同义突变。位点1经AluⅠ酶切后产生AA、AB和BB 3种基因型,A、B等位基因频率分别为0.825 7和0.174 3;卡方检测显示,该位点在所检测秦川牛群体中处于Hardy-Weinbery不平衡状态;关联分析表明,该位点不同基因型个体之间在体高、胸围、体斜长和尻长上差异显著。位点2经AflⅡ酶切后产生CC和CD 2种基因型,C和D等位基因的频率分别为0.902 4和0.097 6;卡方检测显示,该位点在所检测秦川牛群体中处于Hardy-Weinbery不平衡状态;关联分析表明,该位点不同基因型个体间在腰角宽、坐骨端宽和尻长上差异显著。第5外显子2个位点合并基因型分析结果表明,双杂合基因型个体各体尺性状均显著高于其他基因型组合,并且多标记位点的组合效应高于单标记位点。【结论】组合ABCD各体尺性状数值均高于AB和CD基因型,组合ABCD可能是影响牛体尺性状的最佳基因型组合。     

秦川牛CEBPA基因遗传变异对体尺和胴体性状的影响

试验以CCAAT增强子结合蛋白A(CEBPA)为候选基因,采用直接测序的方法寻找秦川牛CEBPA基因SNP,筛查到一个新的多态位点T963G,该突变位于基因的编码区。运用PCR-RFLP方法验证并分析该位点在215头秦川牛群体中的多态性。结果表明:在秦川牛群体中分布A、B 2个等位基因,处于中度多态。经过χ2适合性检验,秦川牛群体在该位点达到Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P0.05)。将该T963G位点的基因型与体尺、胴体性状进行关联分析,表明该位点与胴体重显著相关(P0.05),BB为有利基因型,B等位基因为有利等位基因,提示该位点有可能作为秦川牛胴体性状标记辅助选择的标记之一。     

维生素E对秦川牛冷冻精液的抗氧化保护作用

本试验旨在研究维生素E对秦川牛细管冷冻精液品质和精浆中抗氧化酶活性的影响.在稀释液中分别添加0.00、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10 mg·mL~(-1)的维生素E,将细管冻精解冻(37.5℃,30 s)后用伟力精子分析系统分析精子活力和精子顶体完整率等标准参数,并用相关试剂盒测定精浆中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性.结果表明:当维生素E添加量为0.04mg·mL~(-1)时,精子活力与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),SOD、GSH、CAT 3种酶活性与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).当维生素E的添加量为0.06 mg·mL~(-1)时,冷冻-解冻后精子活力显著高于对照组(P<0.05),顶体完整率极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);GR和CAT酶活性与对照组相比均差异显著(P<0.05).当维生素E的添加量为0.08 mg·mL~(-1)时,精子活力、活率及顶体完整率与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05),GSH与对照相组比差异极显著(P<0.01),GR及CAT与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05).在冷冻精液稀释液中添加维生素E可以有效提高冷冻-解冻后秦川牛精液品质及精浆中SOD、CAT、GSH、GR酶的活性,稀释液中维生素E的适宜添加量为0.04～0.08 mg·mL~(-1).     

Arabinogalactan protein from Jatropha curcas L. seeds as TGFβ1-mediated inductor of keratinocyte in vitro differentiation and stimulation of GM-CSF,HGF, KGF and in organotypic skin equivalents

Arabinogalactan protein JC from Jatropha curcas seed endosperm (mean molecular weight 140 kDa) was isolated by cold water extraction and characterized concerning sugar and amino acid composition. At 10 and 100 µg/mL JC stimulated mitochondrial activity (MTT test) of human skin cells (HaCaT keratinocytes, fibroblasts) and the ATP status of primary keratinocytes. JC did not influence the cellular proliferation, while primary keratinocytes were triggered into differentiation status. Investigations on a potential mode of action of JC were performed on complex organotypic skin equivalents. JC induced the production of HGF, KGF and TGFβ, with TGFβ being the main inductor for the differentiation-inducing effect of JC. Also the expression of GM-CSF was stimulated strongly by JC.     

秦川牛智能化专家系统的研制

概述了研究秦川牛智能化专家系统的目的和意义,具体阐述了系统的研制与开发过程及系统的研制主要通过确定系统的主要的研究方向、获取知识、建立模块、编辑规则等过程来完成。该系统操作简单方便,在生产中可以广泛应用[1]。     

反刍动物围产期能量负平衡的调控研究进展

在奶牛围产期,许多奶牛因能量负平衡(NEB)无法适应代谢、内分泌和生理的巨大变化,引发酮病和脂肪肝,影响奶牛产后恢复,造成严重的经济损失.奶牛分娩、产犊的应激性大,产奶量增长迅速,采食量降低,饲养中能量供应不足是此阶段存在的主要问题.为获得更高品质的肉制品以及更高的养殖收益,文章针对调控围产期NEB展开综述,以期为生产...